Is Tattoo Ink Toxic?

The FDA says there are still a lot of open questions. It oversees tattoo inks as cosmetics, says it has not approved any pigments for injection into the skin for cosmetic purposes, and notes that published research has reported some inks contain pigments used in printer toner or in car paint. It says there are still a lot of questions about the long-term effects that may be caused by the pigments, other ingredients and possible contaminants in tattoo inks.

Contamination is the risk the FDA describes most. It says it has received reports of people developing infections from contaminated tattoo inks and allergic reactions to the inks themselves, that even unopened and sealed inks can harbor bacteria and other microorganisms, and that an ink can be contaminated even if the label says it is sterile. It names non-sterile water used to dilute pigments as a common culprit. More aggressive infections may cause high fever, shaking, chills and sweats, and because the inks are permanent, an allergic reaction may persist.

The FDA says inks and kits sold as do-it-yourself have been associated with infections and allergic reactions, that people whose tattoo contains p-phenylenediamine (PPD) might become allergic to other products such as hair dyes, and that some tattoo removal procedures may leave permanent scarring. If a tattoo becomes infected or you have a reaction, it advises telling the tattoo artist and your health care professional, asking for the ink’s brand, color and lot number, and reporting it to the FDA.